{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "05573303", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# 21-03 · Движение корабля и враги\n", "\n", "Практика к разделу [«Перемещаем корабль. Создаём и перемещаем врагов»](../../site/chapters/glava-21/21-03-dvizhenie-vragi.html)." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "59b0c6fd", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Цель\n", "\n", "Ограничить движение корабля краями экрана и заставить врагов появляться и спускаться вниз." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "2bd263a3", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Про игровой цикл в этом ноутбуке\n", "\n", "В обычном `.py`-файле игровой цикл — это `while rabotaet:`, зависящий от событий пользователя (закрытие окна, нажатия клавиш). В автоматически выполняемом ноутбуке некому создавать такие события, поэтому здесь мы прогоняем фиксированное число кадров через `for kadr in range(N):` — логика каждого отдельного кадра (движение, столкновения, отрисовка, `clock.tick()`) при этом точно такая же, как в настоящей игре из `projects/pygame/space-shooter/space_shooter.py`." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "d9d83fb9", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Рабочий пример" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "id": "00716889", "metadata": { "execution": { "iopub.execute_input": "2026-08-14T20:59:32.013643Z", "iopub.status.busy": "2026-08-14T20:59:32.013528Z", "iopub.status.idle": "2026-08-14T20:59:32.160642Z", "shell.execute_reply": "2026-08-14T20:59:32.159606Z" } }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "pygame-ce 2.5.8 (SDL 2.32.10, Python 3.14.6)\n" ] } ], "source": [ "import random\n", "\n", "import pygame\n", "\n", "SHIRINA, VYSOTA = 500, 600\n", "FPS = 60\n", "\n", "KORABL_SHIRINA, KORABL_VYSOTA = 50, 40\n", "KORABL_SKOROST = 6\n", "\n", "PULYA_SHIRINA, PULYA_VYSOTA = 4, 12\n", "PULYA_SKOROST = 9\n", "\n", "VRAG_SHIRINA, VRAG_VYSOTA = 40, 30\n", "VRAG_SKOROST = 2\n", "INTERVAL_POYAVLENIYA_VRAGA = 45\n", "\n", "BELYJ = (255, 255, 255)\n", "CHERNYJ = (10, 10, 20)\n", "ZELYONYJ = (80, 220, 120)\n", "KRASNYJ = (230, 60, 60)\n", "ZHYOLTYJ = (240, 220, 80)\n", "\n", "pygame.init()\n", "screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SHIRINA, VYSOTA))\n", "pygame.display.set_caption(\"Космический шутер\")\n", "clock = pygame.time.Clock()\n", "shrift = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 32)\n", "shrift_bolshoj = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 64)\n", "\n", "\n", "def novaya_igra():\n", " return {\n", " \"korabl\": pygame.Rect(\n", " SHIRINA // 2 - KORABL_SHIRINA // 2,\n", " VYSOTA - KORABL_VYSOTA - 20,\n", " KORABL_SHIRINA,\n", " KORABL_VYSOTA,\n", " ),\n", " \"puli\": [],\n", " \"vragi\": [],\n", " \"schet\": 0,\n", " \"kadrov_do_vraga\": INTERVAL_POYAVLENIYA_VRAGA,\n", " \"igra_okonchena\": False,\n", " }\n", "\n", "\n", "def obrabotat_klavishi(state, klavishi):\n", " korabl = state[\"korabl\"]\n", " if klavishi[pygame.K_LEFT]:\n", " korabl.x -= KORABL_SKOROST\n", " if klavishi[pygame.K_RIGHT]:\n", " korabl.x += KORABL_SKOROST\n", " korabl.x = max(0, min(korabl.x, SHIRINA - KORABL_SHIRINA))\n", "\n", "\n", "def vystrelit(state):\n", " korabl = state[\"korabl\"]\n", " pulya = pygame.Rect(\n", " korabl.centerx - PULYA_SHIRINA // 2,\n", " korabl.top,\n", " PULYA_SHIRINA,\n", " PULYA_VYSOTA,\n", " )\n", " state[\"puli\"].append(pulya)\n", "\n", "\n", "def sozdat_vraga():\n", " x = random.randint(0, SHIRINA - VRAG_SHIRINA)\n", " return pygame.Rect(x, -VRAG_VYSOTA, VRAG_SHIRINA, VRAG_VYSOTA)\n", "\n", "\n", "def obnovit_igru(state):\n", " if state[\"igra_okonchena\"]:\n", " return\n", "\n", " for pulya in state[\"puli\"]:\n", " pulya.y -= PULYA_SKOROST\n", " state[\"puli\"] = [p for p in state[\"puli\"] if p.bottom > 0]\n", "\n", " state[\"kadrov_do_vraga\"] -= 1\n", " if state[\"kadrov_do_vraga\"] <= 0:\n", " state[\"vragi\"].append(sozdat_vraga())\n", " state[\"kadrov_do_vraga\"] = INTERVAL_POYAVLENIYA_VRAGA\n", "\n", " for vrag in state[\"vragi\"]:\n", " vrag.y += VRAG_SKOROST\n", "\n", " novye_puli = []\n", " novye_vragi = list(state[\"vragi\"])\n", " for pulya in state[\"puli\"]:\n", " popala = False\n", " for vrag in list(novye_vragi):\n", " if pulya.colliderect(vrag):\n", " novye_vragi.remove(vrag)\n", " state[\"schet\"] += 10\n", " popala = True\n", " break\n", " if not popala:\n", " novye_puli.append(pulya)\n", " state[\"puli\"] = novye_puli\n", " state[\"vragi\"] = novye_vragi\n", "\n", " for vrag in state[\"vragi\"]:\n", " if vrag.bottom >= VYSOTA or vrag.colliderect(state[\"korabl\"]):\n", " state[\"igra_okonchena\"] = True\n", " break\n", "\n", "\n", "def narisovat(state):\n", " screen.fill(CHERNYJ)\n", " pygame.draw.rect(screen, ZELYONYJ, state[\"korabl\"])\n", " for pulya in state[\"puli\"]:\n", " pygame.draw.rect(screen, ZHYOLTYJ, pulya)\n", " for vrag in state[\"vragi\"]:\n", " pygame.draw.rect(screen, KRASNYJ, vrag)\n", "\n", " tablo = shrift.render(f\"Счёт: {state['schet']}\", True, BELYJ)\n", " screen.blit(tablo, (10, 10))\n", "\n", " if state[\"igra_okonchena\"]:\n", " nadpis = shrift_bolshoj.render(\"ИГРА ОКОНЧЕНА\", True, BELYJ)\n", " rect = nadpis.get_rect(center=(SHIRINA // 2, VYSOTA // 2))\n", " screen.blit(nadpis, rect)\n", "\n", " pygame.display.flip()" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 2, "id": "2db7b064", "metadata": { "execution": { "iopub.execute_input": "2026-08-14T20:59:32.162297Z", "iopub.status.busy": "2026-08-14T20:59:32.161949Z", "iopub.status.idle": "2026-08-14T20:59:32.955750Z", "shell.execute_reply": "2026-08-14T20:59:32.955255Z" } }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Корабль после 50 кадров движения вправо: Rect(450, 540, 50, 40)\n", "Врагов появилось: 1\n" ] } ], "source": [ "state = novaya_igra()\n", "\n", "# симулируем: стрелка вправо зажата 50 кадров подряд\n", "for kadr in range(50):\n", " klavishi = {pygame.K_LEFT: False, pygame.K_RIGHT: True}\n", " obrabotat_klavishi(state, klavishi)\n", " obnovit_igru(state)\n", " narisovat(state)\n", " clock.tick(FPS)\n", "\n", "print(\"Корабль после 50 кадров движения вправо:\", state[\"korabl\"])\n", "print(\"Врагов появилось:\", len(state[\"vragi\"]))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "dfcd020f", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Проверка результата" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 3, "id": "47715fd8", "metadata": { "execution": { "iopub.execute_input": "2026-08-14T20:59:32.956780Z", "iopub.status.busy": "2026-08-14T20:59:32.956664Z", "iopub.status.idle": "2026-08-14T20:59:32.959317Z", "shell.execute_reply": "2026-08-14T20:59:32.958824Z" } }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Верно: корабль остановился у правого края экрана, не выйдя за его пределы.\n", "Найдено врагов: 1\n" ] } ], "source": [ "assert state[\"korabl\"].x == SHIRINA - KORABL_SHIRINA, \"корабль должен упереться в правый край\"\n", "print(\"Верно: корабль остановился у правого края экрана, не выйдя за его пределы.\")\n", "\n", "assert len(state[\"vragi\"]) >= 1, \"за 50 кадров должен появиться хотя бы один враг (интервал 45)\"\n", "print(f\"Найдено врагов: {len(state['vragi'])}\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "3b032660", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Задание ★ Базовая практика\n", "\n", "Прогоните ещё 45 кадров без движения корабля и убедитесь, что появился второй враг." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 4, "id": "55f6466f", "metadata": { "execution": { "iopub.execute_input": "2026-08-14T20:59:32.960396Z", "iopub.status.busy": "2026-08-14T20:59:32.960281Z", "iopub.status.idle": "2026-08-14T20:59:33.022110Z", "shell.execute_reply": "2026-08-14T20:59:33.021466Z" } }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Врагов теперь: 2\n", "Верно: появился второй враг.\n" ] } ], "source": [ "for kadr in range(45):\n", " klavishi = {pygame.K_LEFT: False, pygame.K_RIGHT: False}\n", " obrabotat_klavishi(state, klavishi)\n", " obnovit_igru(state)\n", " narisovat(state)\n", "\n", "print(\"Врагов теперь:\", len(state[\"vragi\"]))\n", "assert len(state[\"vragi\"]) >= 2\n", "print(\"Верно: появился второй враг.\")" ] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Cartesian Python 3.14", "language": "python", "name": "cartesian-python314" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.14.6" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 5 }