{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "85228ab4", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# 21-03 · Ruch statków i wrogowie\n", "\n", "Praktyka do sekcji [„Ruch statku i pojawianie się wrogów”](/pl/chapters/rozdzial-21/21-03-dvizhenie-vragi.html)." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "6200a566", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Cel\n", "\n", "Ogranicz ruch statku do krawędzi ekranu i zmuszaj wrogów do pojawiania się i opadania." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "6fb7ce85", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## O pętli gier w tym laptopie\n", "\n", "W normalnym życiu `.py`pliku -plik, pętla gry to `while rabotaet:`to zależy od zdarzeń użytkownika (zamykanie okna, naciśnięcia klawiszy). W automatycznie wykonywanym laptopie nie ma nikogo, kto mógłby je tworzyć, więc tutaj uruchamiamy stałą liczbę klatek przez `for kadr in range(N):` — logika każdej pojedynczej klatki (ruch, kolizje, rysowanie) przy tym dokładnie taka sama, jak w prawdziwej grze z `projects/pygame/space-shooter/space_shooter.py`. Prędkość wciąż jest podana w pikselach na sekundę (px/s), a nie w pikselach na klatkę — ale aby wynik notatnika nie zależał od tego, jak szybko kod działa na konkretnym komputerze, `dt` tutaj nie jest zaczerpnięte z `clock.tick()`, ale jest ustalone z góry jako `1 / FPS`." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "3c40c66d", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Sprawa robocza" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "ddc8dc1a", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "import random\n", "\n", "import pygame\n", "\n", "SHIRINA, VYSOTA = 480, 720\n", "FPS = 60\n", "\n", "KORABL_SHIRINA, KORABL_VYSOTA = 44, 44\n", "KORABL_SKOROST = 260.0 # px/s\n", "\n", "PULYA_SHIRINA, PULYA_VYSOTA = 6, 18\n", "PULYA_SKOROST = 560.0 # px/s\n", "\n", "VRAG_SHIRINA, VRAG_VYSOTA = 32, 28\n", "VRAG_SKOROST = 150.0 # px/s\n", "INTERVAL_POYAVLENIYA_VRAGA = 0.75 # секунд между новыми врагами\n", "\n", "BELYJ = (255, 255, 255)\n", "CHERNYJ = (10, 10, 20)\n", "ZELYONYJ = (80, 220, 120)\n", "KRASNYJ = (230, 60, 60)\n", "ZHYOLTYJ = (240, 220, 80)\n", "\n", "pygame.init()\n", "screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SHIRINA, VYSOTA))\n", "pygame.display.set_caption(\"Космический шутер\")\n", "clock = pygame.time.Clock()\n", "shrift = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 32)\n", "shrift_bolshoj = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 64)\n", "\n", "\n", "def novaya_igra():\n", " korabl = pygame.Rect(\n", " SHIRINA // 2 - KORABL_SHIRINA // 2,\n", " VYSOTA - KORABL_VYSOTA - 20,\n", " KORABL_SHIRINA,\n", " KORABL_VYSOTA,\n", " )\n", " return {\n", " \"korabl\": korabl,\n", " \"korabl_x\": float(korabl.x),\n", " \"puli\": [],\n", " \"vragi\": [],\n", " \"schet\": 0,\n", " \"vremya_do_vraga\": INTERVAL_POYAVLENIYA_VRAGA,\n", " \"igra_okonchena\": False,\n", " }\n", "\n", "\n", "def obrabotat_klavishi(state, klavishi, dt):\n", " napravlenie = klavishi[pygame.K_RIGHT] - klavishi[pygame.K_LEFT]\n", " korabl_x = state[\"korabl_x\"] + napravlenie * KORABL_SKOROST * dt\n", " state[\"korabl_x\"] = max(0.0, min(korabl_x, SHIRINA - KORABL_SHIRINA))\n", " state[\"korabl\"].x = round(state[\"korabl_x\"])\n", "\n", "\n", "def vystrelit(state):\n", " korabl = state[\"korabl\"]\n", " pulya_rect = pygame.Rect(\n", " korabl.centerx - PULYA_SHIRINA // 2,\n", " korabl.top,\n", " PULYA_SHIRINA,\n", " PULYA_VYSOTA,\n", " )\n", " state[\"puli\"].append({\"rect\": pulya_rect, \"y\": float(pulya_rect.y)})\n", "\n", "\n", "def sozdat_vraga():\n", " x = random.randint(0, SHIRINA - VRAG_SHIRINA)\n", " return {\"rect\": pygame.Rect(x, -VRAG_VYSOTA, VRAG_SHIRINA, VRAG_VYSOTA), \"y\": float(-VRAG_VYSOTA)}\n", "\n", "\n", "def obnovit_igru(state, dt):\n", " if state[\"igra_okonchena\"]:\n", " return\n", "\n", " for pulya in state[\"puli\"]:\n", " pulya[\"y\"] -= PULYA_SKOROST * dt\n", " pulya[\"rect\"].y = round(pulya[\"y\"])\n", " state[\"puli\"] = [p for p in state[\"puli\"] if p[\"rect\"].bottom > 0]\n", "\n", " state[\"vremya_do_vraga\"] -= dt\n", " if state[\"vremya_do_vraga\"] <= 0.0:\n", " state[\"vragi\"].append(sozdat_vraga())\n", " state[\"vremya_do_vraga\"] += INTERVAL_POYAVLENIYA_VRAGA\n", "\n", " for vrag in state[\"vragi\"]:\n", " vrag[\"y\"] += VRAG_SKOROST * dt\n", " vrag[\"rect\"].y = round(vrag[\"y\"])\n", "\n", " novye_puli = []\n", " novye_vragi = list(state[\"vragi\"])\n", " for pulya in state[\"puli\"]:\n", " popala = False\n", " for vrag in list(novye_vragi):\n", " if pulya[\"rect\"].colliderect(vrag[\"rect\"]):\n", " novye_vragi.remove(vrag)\n", " state[\"schet\"] += 10\n", " popala = True\n", " break\n", " if not popala:\n", " novye_puli.append(pulya)\n", " state[\"puli\"] = novye_puli\n", " state[\"vragi\"] = novye_vragi\n", "\n", " for vrag in state[\"vragi\"]:\n", " if vrag[\"rect\"].bottom >= VYSOTA or vrag[\"rect\"].colliderect(state[\"korabl\"]):\n", " state[\"igra_okonchena\"] = True\n", " break\n", "\n", "\n", "def narisovat(state):\n", " screen.fill(CHERNYJ)\n", " pygame.draw.rect(screen, ZELYONYJ, state[\"korabl\"])\n", " for pulya in state[\"puli\"]:\n", " pygame.draw.rect(screen, ZHYOLTYJ, pulya[\"rect\"])\n", " for vrag in state[\"vragi\"]:\n", " pygame.draw.rect(screen, KRASNYJ, vrag[\"rect\"])\n", "\n", " tablo = shrift.render(f\"Счёт: {state['schet']}\", True, BELYJ)\n", " screen.blit(tablo, (10, 10))\n", "\n", " if state[\"igra_okonchena\"]:\n", " nadpis = shrift_bolshoj.render(\"ИГРА ОКОНЧЕНА\", True, BELYJ)\n", " rect = nadpis.get_rect(center=(SHIRINA // 2, VYSOTA // 2))\n", " screen.blit(nadpis, rect)\n", "\n", " pygame.display.flip()" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "ffff3f73", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "state = novaya_igra()\n", "dt = 1 / FPS\n", "\n", "# symulacji: strzałka w prawo jest przytrzymywana przez 60 klatek z rzędu (60 * dt = 1,0 sekundy)\n", "for kadr in range(60):\n", " klavishi = {pygame.K_LEFT: False, pygame.K_RIGHT: True}\n", " obrabotat_klavishi(state, klavishi, dt)\n", " obnovit_igru(state, dt)\n", " narisovat(state)\n", " clock.tick(FPS)\n", "\n", "print(\"Корабль после 1 секунды движения вправо:\", state[\"korabl\"])\n", "print(\"Врагов появилось:\", len(state[\"vragi\"]))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "eff83b25", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Sprawdzenie wyniku" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "12c90f92", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "assert state[\"korabl\"].x == SHIRINA - KORABL_SHIRINA, \"корабль должен упереться в правый край\"\n", "print(\"Верно: корабль остановился у правого края экрана, не выйдя за его пределы.\")\n", "\n", "assert len(state[\"vragi\"]) >= 1, \"за 1 секунду должен появиться хотя бы один враг (интервал 0.75 с)\"\n", "print(f\"Найдено врагов: {len(state['vragi'])}\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "9fa0c5a8", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Podstawowa praktyka zadań ★\n", "\n", "Uruchom kolejne 45 klatek (0,75 sekundy) bez ruchu statku i upewnij się, że pojawi się drugi wróg." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "d8a84c0f", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "for kadr in range(45):\n", " klavishi = {pygame.K_LEFT: False, pygame.K_RIGHT: False}\n", " obrabotat_klavishi(state, klavishi, dt)\n", " obnovit_igru(state, dt)\n", " narisovat(state)\n", "\n", "print(\"Врагов теперь:\", len(state[\"vragi\"]))\n", "assert len(state[\"vragi\"]) >= 2\n", "print(\"Верно: появился второй враг.\")" ] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Cartesian Python 3.14", "language": "python", "name": "cartesian-python314" }, "language_info": { "name": "python", "version": "3.14.6" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 5 }