Debug Labs — типичные ошибки «Змейки»

screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.title("Змейка")
# tracer(0) не вызван

screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.title("Змейка")
screen.tracer(0)

def render(self):
    self.head.goto(*self.state.snake[0])
    # ...остальная отрисовка...
    # self.screen.update() не вызван

def render(self):
    self.head.goto(*self.state.snake[0])
    # ...остальная отрисовка...
    self.screen.update()

while igrovoj_shag():
    screen.update()
    time.sleep(ZADERZHKA_SEK)   # фиксированная задержка
# цикл сам решает, когда именно проверять события — паузу, скорость
# и перезапуск приходится вручную вплетать в его тело

def game_tick(self):
    if self.state.status is not GameStatus.RUNNING:
        return
    # ...
    self.screen.ontimer(self.game_tick, self.state.delay_ms)

def game_tick(self):
    # ...
    time.sleep(self.state.delay_ms / 1000)
    self.game_tick()

def game_tick(self):
    # ...
    self.screen.ontimer(self.game_tick, self.state.delay_ms)

def request_direction(self, direction):
    self.state.next_direction = direction   # без проверки!

def request_direction(self, direction):
    if is_reverse(self.state.direction, direction):
        return
    self.state.next_direction = direction

def request_direction(self, direction):
    if is_reverse(self.state.next_direction, direction):   # против next_direction!
        return
    self.state.next_direction = direction

def request_direction(self, direction):
    if is_reverse(self.state.direction, direction):
        return
    self.state.next_direction = direction

def choose_food(snake, rng, *, half=280):
    x = rng.randint(-half, half)   # любое целое, не кратное STEP!
    y = rng.randint(-half, half)
    return (x, y)

def choose_food(snake, rng, *, half=280, step=20):
    free = tuple(c for c in all_cells(half=half, step=step) if c not in set(snake))
    return rng.choice(free)

def choose_food(snake, rng, *, half=280, step=20):
    coords = range(-half, half + 1, step)
    return (rng.choice(coords), rng.choice(coords))   # не проверяет snake!

def choose_food(snake, rng, *, half=280, step=20):
    occupied = set(snake)
    free = tuple(c for c in all_cells(half=half, step=step) if c not in occupied)
    return rng.choice(free)

def dvigat_telo():
    for indeks in range(len(segmenty) - 1):   # неверное направление цикла!
        segmenty[indeks].goto(segmenty[indeks + 1].xcor(), segmenty[indeks + 1].ycor())

def dvigat_telo():
    for indeks in range(len(segmenty) - 1, 0, -1):
        segmenty[indeks].goto(segmenty[indeks - 1].xcor(), segmenty[indeks - 1].ycor())

def obnovit_tablo():
    tablo.write(f"Счёт: {{schet}}", align="center", font=("Arial", 16, "normal"))
    # tablo.clear() не вызван

def obnovit_tablo():
    tablo.clear()
    tablo.write(f"Счёт: {{schet}}", align="center", font=("Arial", 16, "normal"))

def is_wall_collision(head, *, half=280):
    x, y = head
    return abs(x) >= half or abs(y) >= half   # >=, не >

def is_wall_collision(head, *, half=280):
    x, y = head
    return abs(x) > half or abs(y) > half

grow = head == state.food
if is_self_collision(head, state.snake[1:]):   # ещё ДО move_snake()!
    state.status = GameStatus.GAME_OVER

new_snake = move_snake(state.snake, head, grow=grow)
if is_self_collision(head, new_snake[1:]):
    state.status = GameStatus.GAME_OVER

def restart(self):
    self.state = new_game_state(self.rng)
    self.render()
    # generation не увеличен — старый _on_timer() всё ещё запланирован!

def restart(self):
    self._generation += 1
    self.state = new_game_state(self.rng, high_score=self.state.high_score)
    self.render()

def toggle_pause(self):
    self._show_overlay("ПАУЗА", "Space — продолжить")
    # state.status не изменён — game_tick() ничего не знает о паузе!

def toggle_pause(self):
    if self.state.status is GameStatus.RUNNING:
        self.state.status = GameStatus.PAUSED
        self._show_overlay("ПАУЗА", "Space — продолжить")

def restart(self):
    self._generation += 1
    self.state.snake = [(0, 0)]   # правит поле точечно, а не создаёт state заново
    self.state.score = 0
    # direction/next_direction остались от прошлой игры!

def restart(self):
    self._generation += 1
    self.state = new_game_state(self.rng, high_score=self.state.high_score)

def restart(self):
    self._generation += 1
    self.state = new_game_state(self.rng)   # high_score не передан — снова 0!

def restart(self):
    self._generation += 1
    self.state = new_game_state(self.rng, high_score=self.state.high_score)

@dataclass
class GameState:
    snake: list[Position]
    head_turtle: turtle.Turtle   # объект Turtle внутри модели!

@dataclass
class GameState:
    snake: list[Position]
    # объекты Turtle живут в SnakeApp, не в GameState

def _on_timer(self, generation):
    if generation != self._generation:
        return
    self.game_tick()
    self._schedule_next_tick()   # без проверки статуса!

def _on_timer(self, generation):
    if generation != self._generation:
        return
    self.game_tick()
    if self.state.status is GameStatus.RUNNING:
        self._schedule_next_tick()